Cirugía transanal por puerto único para la resección local de lesiones de recto / Single port transanal excision for local treatment of rectal lesions

Background: Since 2009, transanal minimally invasive surgery (TAMIS) is increasingly used as an alternative to local excision and transanal microscopic excision (TEM) for rectal lesions located in the mid and superior third. The clinical benefits of the technique are being evaluated. Aim: To establish the feasibility, quality of excision and short term results of single port transanal excision for rectal lesions. Patients and Methods: Analysis of a prospective series of patients subjected to single port transanal excision. Patients had benign or malignant lesions located in the mid or superior third of the rectum. Those with a diagnosis of adenocarcinoma were excluded. Results: The transanal resection using the SILS Port® was completed in 11 patients aged 21 to 86 years (eight women). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification of patients was two and their body mass index was 24 +/- 3.1 kg/m². The lesion distance from the anal margin ranged from 5 to 10 cm. The surgical time was 47 min and hospital stay was 2.8 days. One patient was converted to conventional transanal surgery and two patients had self-limited episode of hematochezia. Conclusions: TAMIS is a feasible technique and with promising results in selected patients.

Introducción: Desde el año 2009, la cirugía transanal mínimamente invasiva (TAMIS) ha sido utilizada de forma creciente como una alternativa a la excisión local y la resección transanal microscópica (TEM) de lesiones de tercio medio y superior del recto. A pesar de su aceptación, los beneficios clínicos han sido parcialmente validados y se encuentran en etapa de evaluación. Objetivos: Establecer la factibilidad, calidad de resección y resultados a corto plazo del uso del sistema de puerto único en la resección transanal en lesiones de recto. Pacientes y Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de una serie prospectiva y consecutiva de pacientes sometidos a resección transanal utilizando un dispositivo de puerto único. Los pacientes eran portadores de lesiones benignas y/o malignas de recto medio o superior, excluyendo aquellos con diagnóstico de adenocarcinoma. Resultados: Se completó la resección transanal por SILS Port® en 11 pacientes, 8 de ellos de sexo femenino. Edad media fue de 61,6 años (21-86). La clasificación de ASA fue de 2 e IMC de 24 +/- 3,1 kg/m². La distancia de las lesiones desde el margen anal fue de 7,2 cm (5-10). Tiempo quirúrgico fue de 47,2 min. La estadía hospitalaria fue de 2,8 días. Presentamos una conversión a cirugía transanal convencional y dos rectorragias postoperatorias autolimitadas. Conclusiones: TAMIS se ha convertido en una técnica factible y con resultados prometedores en un grupo de pacientes bien seleccionados. De los nuevos horizontes que ha entregado la cirugía de puerto único, nace esta nueva aplicación para el abordaje transanal, representando una nueva frontera en la cirugía rectal.

Comparison of Conventional Transanal Resection with Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery in Patients with Rectal Neoplasm / 대한내시경복강경외과학회지

PURPOSE: Compared to traditionally used abdominoperineal resection and low anterior resection for the treatment of rectal neoplasm, transanal excision (TAE) has several benefits such as a lower complication rate, a shorter average hospital stay and improved quality of life. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) was recently introduced for resecting rectal neoplasm. The aim of this study was to compare the therapeutic results between TAE and TEM in patients with rectal neoplasm. METHODS: From October 2000 to December 2008, 115 patients underwent TEM or TAE at the NCC. Among the patient with rectal neoplasm, the patients with recurred rectal cancer and pathologic T2 or T3 stage were excluded. Thirty four and 33 patients were included for this study in the TAE and TEM groups, respectively. The locations of the lesion, the average number of fragmented specimens, the resection margin, postoperative complications and recurrence were retrospectively compared between the TEM and TAE groups. For the patients with T1 cancer, the disease-free survival rates were compared between the TAE and TEM groups. RESULTS: The median distance of lesions from the anal verge in the TEM group was higher than that in the TAE group: (mean distance: 6.75 cm, range: 3~15 cm) for TEM group and (mean distance: 3.13 (range: 1~8 cm) for the TAE group, p<0.001). The TAE group had more fragmented specimens than the TEM group (mean for the TAE: 1.44 (range: 1~4), mean for the TEM group: 1.06 (range: 1~2), p=0.031). For the patients with T1 cancer, the 3 year disease-free survival rate was not significantly different between the two groups (83.9% for the TAE group and 91.7% for the TEM group p=0.734). CONCLUSION: TEM can remove higher located rectal neoplasm and a less fragmented specimen was aquired that that in TAE. TEM seems to have similar oncologic outcomes as compared with TAE.